Associations between skeletal muscle phenotype, positional role, and on‐ice performance in elite male ice hockey players

Abstract We evaluated associations between muscle phenotype, positional role, and on‐ice performance in male U20 Danish national team ice hockey players. Sixteen players (10 forwards, six defensemen) participated in a game with activity tracking. Resting thigh muscle biopsies were analyzed for metabolic enzyme activity and protein expression linked to performance. On‐ice intermittent exercise capacity, repeated sprint ability, and maximal isometric knee‐extensor torque were also assessed. No significant position‐specific muscle phenotype characteristics were found, but forwards generally exhibited higher levels of several membrane proteins ( p = 0.100–0.991). NAKα 2 , NAK∑, K ATP , ClC‐1, and NHE1 showed significant correlations with total distance ( r = 0.52–0.59, p = 0.016–0.046), however, within positions these only persisted for K ATP ( r = 0.70, p = 0.024) and NAKα 2 ( r = 0.57, p = 0.085) in forwards, where CS enzyme activity also displayed a strong association with distance covered ( r = 0.75, p = 0.019). For high‐intensity skating, NAKα 2 ( r = 0.56, p = 0.025) and K ATP ( r = 0.50, p = 0.048) similarly exhibited the strongest associations, persisting within forwards ( r = 0.63, p = 0.052 and r = 0.72; p = 0.018, respectively). In conclusion, although several muscle proteins involved in ion and metabolic regulation were associated with performance, only NAKα 2 and K ATP displayed consistent relationships within positions. Moreover, CS enzyme activity was strongly related to total distance within forwards, coherent with the proposed importance of oxidative capacity in intense intermittent exercise.