Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes and phylogenetic relationships in the endemic Chinese bamboo Gelidocalamus (Bambusoideae)

Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes indicated that <i>Gelidocalamus</i> shares a high degree of similarity with closely related genera in terms of chloroplast genome collinearity, codon usage bias, and repetitive sequences. Divergence time estimation suggests that it is a relatively young group, with all members appearing successively over the past four million years. The complex phylogenetic patterns may arise from the rapid radiation of Arundinarieae. This study provides a preliminary foundation for further in-depth research on the phylogeny, genomic structural features, and divergence times of this genus.