Review on advanced drug delivery systems: innovations in formulation and delivery technologies

Advanced drug delivery systems (DDS) have transformed the pharmaceutical landscape, offering innovative solutions to enhance therapeutic outcomes and patient compliance. This review explores recent advancements in formulation technologies and delivery mechanisms, focusing on nanotechnology, polymeric systems, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and microparticle-based formulations. Nanotechnology has enabled the development of nanoparticles, liposomes, and nanocrystals that enhance drug solubility, stability, and targeted delivery. Polymeric drug delivery systems, including biodegradable polymers, offer sustained drug release, significantly improving chronic disease management and cancer therapy. SLNs and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) provide stable matrices for drug encapsulation, particularly for lipophilic drugs, while microparticle-based formulations offer controlled and sustained drug release, reducing dosing frequency and enhancing patient compliance. Furthermore, novel delivery mechanisms such as transdermal systems, oral controlled release systems, targeted drug delivery, and inhalable therapies have expanded the possibilities for non-invasive, patient-friendly drug administration. Challenges in scaling up production, regulatory approval, and long-term safety remain significant, but emerging technologies like nanobots and bioengineered tissues hold promise for the future of personalized medicine. As these advanced delivery platforms continue to evolve, they are poised to revolutionize drug delivery, offering more precise, effective, and patient-centric treatments.