Genetic Polymorphisms in Obesity: How Variants in Lipid Metabolism Genes Contribute to Hyperlipidemia

Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Among the genetic contributors, polymorphisms in lipid metabolism genes play a significant role in regulating lipid profiles and promoting hyperlipidemia. This review aims to explore the impact of genetic variants on lipid metabolism in individuals with obesity, focusing on genes such as APOE, LPL, FTO, PCSK9, CETP, and FABP. These polymorphisms alter lipid processing, transportation, and storage, leading to aberrant lipid levels, which contribute to hyperlipidemia and subsequent cardiometabolic complications. We will also discuss the gene-environment interactions that modulate these genetic effects and review potential therapeutic interventions targeting lipid metabolism to manage hyperlipidemia in obese individuals. Keywords: Genetic polymorphisms, obesity, lipid metabolism, hyperlipidemia, gene-environment interactions, cardiometabolic disease