Analysis on future development of solar cells focusing on materials and devices

In recent times, solar cells have garnered significant attention due to their numerous advantages. These include continuously improving energy conversion efficiency, a simple solution preparation method, flexibility, lightweight design, wearability, suitability for ultra-lightweight space applications, and low-cost material components. Perovskite solar cells have achieved impressive efficiencies of over 25% by using high-quality perovskite films synthesized at low temperatures and by making advancements in compatible interface and electrode materials. Moreover, the stability of cells has become a major focus of research. This paper analyzes the development history, material system, device structure, challenges, and future development direction of perovskite solar cells. The unique photoelectric properties and tunable band gap of materials have made them a hot topic in the field of solar cells. In this paper, the basic characteristics and synthesis methods of perovskite materials are introduced before discussing the device structure, interface engineering, and stability of perovskite solar cells in detail. Finally, it prospects on the future development trend of perovskite solar cells.