Genetic basis of endometriosis comorbidity

Introduction. The results of a number of studies indicate the comorbidity of endometriosis with various diseases, such as uterine fibroids, endometrial cancer, migraine, depression, infertility, bronchial asthma, and stomach diseases. Aim. Present literature data on the comorbidity of endometriosis and various diseases. Materials and methods. A review of the literature for 2021–2023 in the databases PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka, Medline, as well as in scientific citation databases (Scopus, Web of Science). Results and discussion. This paper analyzes data on the comorbidity of endometriosis and various diseases such as uterine myoma, endometrial cancer, migraine, depression, infertility, bronchial asthma, and gastric diseases. It was found that the comorbidity of endometriosis and the described diseases is based on common risk factors (early age of menarche, late menopause, absence of childbirth in the anamnesis, chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, smoking, chronic stress, exposure to phthalate esters), molecular pathogenetic mechanisms (changes in gene expression, sex hormone levels, aberrant immune response, subclinical inflammatory response, hyperestrogenism, characteristic of both endometriosis and comorbid diseases), as well as genes involved in the development of these diseases. According to the results of full genomic studies, more than 170 polymorphic loci associated with the development of endometriosis and various comorbid diseases have been identified, and a positive correlation between endometriosis and these diseases has been revealed. Conclusion. These studies dictate the need to take into account in clinical practice the syntropy of endometriosis with other diseases, which, in turn, requires a multidisciplinary approach to the management of patients with endometriosis.