EXPRESSION OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY MARKERS (BCL 2 AND CD 34) IN THE PLACENTA OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA.

Background: The most common haematological disease that occurs during pregnancy is anaemia. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is crucial for the placenta's formation and for the regulation of its ageing throughout pregnancy. Bcl2 an antiapoptotic protein that is essential to cell survival and proliferation. Anaemic women's placentas may have different degrees of its expression, which might affect the viability and functionality of the cells. A marker for endothelial cells, which line blood arteries, is CD34. Examining the CD34 expression in the placenta may show changes in blood ow and oxygen delivery in the setting of anaemia, as well as insights into the formation and function of placental blood vessels. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, U.P. from 2022-2024 which included 100 study participants (50 tests and 50 controls). Results: Among the non-anaemic group mean age (58% women) were % women were of less than 20 years age, 78% women were between 21-30 years age group expression of IHC markers CD 34 was diffuse strong CD 34 positivity was seen 100% of very severe anaemia and 60% of severe anaemia and in 51 % of moderate anaemic women. Results indicate a higher incidence of diffuse strong BCL2 positivity was seen 100% of very severe anaemia and 60% of severe anaemia and in 51 % of moderate anaemic women Conclusions: Bcl-2 and CD34 could serve as valuable IHC markers for early detection of placental dysfunction associated with IDA. This could pave the way for timely interventions to improve pregnancy outcomes in women with anaemia.