Effect of <i>Mesembryanthemum crystallinum</i> and its derived D‐pinitol on HMG‐CoA reductase and tyloxapol‐induced hyperlipedemia

Abstract Several previous research indicate that treating Mesembryanthemum crystallinum may aid in reducing adipogenesis and triacylglycerol level and improving hyperglycemia and diabetes. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of M. crystallinum extract (MCE) in combating obesity and lowering fat/lipid/cholesterol levels. The study aimed to investigate the molecular docking model targeting 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase (HMGCR) using MCE‐derived d ‐pinitol or atorvastatin, an inhibitor of HMGCR. In this study, histological alterations in the liver of tyloxapol‐induced hyperlipidemia (TIH) model, hyperlipidemia‐related markers in serum, HMGCR activity, and cell viability in HepG2 cells were analyzed. Our findings revealed that tyloxapol treatment significantly led to increased hyperlipidemia‐related indicators and cardiovascular‐associated risk indices. However, MCE effectively mitigated tyloxapol‐induced hepatic fat accumulation and an increase in cholesterol levels. This was achieved through improvements in metabolic parameters, ultimately ameliorating TIH. These beneficial results suggest that MCE may be a strong potential for the treatment of hyperlipidemia‐related diseases.