Investigating behavioral intentions towards paratransit services for enhancing accessibility at metro bus stations

Paratransit refers to shared public transport modes like tuk-tuks and shared taxis, which are widely used globally, especially by low-income populations. With rapid urbanization and increased car ownership, cities face growing congestion, particularly during peak hours, emphasizing the need for sustainable transport solutions. This study explores factors influencing the use of paratransit services in Islamabad, Pakistan, particularly for accessing BRT and Metro stations distant from residential and commercial areas. Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the theory of interpersonal behavior (TIB), the study models users’ attitudes and perceived behavioral control as critical predictors of their intention to use paratransit. The analysis shows positive emotions significantly impact attitudes and control, while negative emotions have minimal effect. The study also finds that female commuters are more likely to use paratransit, feeling safer when traveling in groups, reflecting concerns about the safety and accessibility of current public transport systems, especially for women. Education also plays a significant role, with more educated individuals being easier to persuade regarding the benefits of paratransit. These findings suggest that improving emotional experiences and addressing safety concerns are crucial to increasing public acceptance of paratransit. The study recommends focusing on strategies that enhance paratransit’s safety and overall user experience, encouraging its use over private vehicles. Future research should investigate other emotional aspects and conduct detailed household surveys to better understand factors shaping public transport choices. Public transport policies should also address feeder routes, fare systems, gender equity, and safety to create a more inclusive and accessible system for all commuters. By improving these areas, cities can foster greater and more significant use of sustainable public transport, particularly in regions with conservative social norms and status-conscious populations.