Biosynthesis of CuO Nanoparticles using Coleus Aromaticus Leaf Extract for Efficient Catalytic Applications

In today's world, the necessity to create economical and ecologically friendly processes has led to a huge increase in interest in the biosynthesis of CuO nanoparticles. Biosynthesis has been proposed as a route to developing various types of nanomaterials. This paper used a leaf extract of Coleus aromaticus as a reductant and stabilizing agent to employ a biosynthesis method to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles. PXRD revealed the average particle size of the copper oxide nanoparticle is 30 nm. The absorption peak at 564 nm validated the UV-Vis spectra used to identify the production of copper oxide nanoparticles. The absorption peaks of the green synthesized CuO nanoparticles occur at 611 cm-1, matching CuO stretching, indicating the formation of CuO nanoparticles. TGA was used to evaluate the material's thermal stability with CuO nanoparticles. Using SEM and TEM, the CuO nanoparticle's surface morphology, and spherical structure were investigated, and the copper oxide nanoparticles' average diameter was only 34.4 nm. In addition, the obtained CuO nanoparticles were used as efficient catalysis for synthesizing diphenyl ether via the Ullmann coupling reaction. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy analysis, and UV-vis spectroscopy confirmed the produced diphenyl ether. The CuO nanoparticles synthesized using the Coleus aromaticus leaf extract technique produced a high yield of diphenyl ether. The outcomes demonstrated that leaf extract could synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles with high uniformity of particle sizes in a more environmentally friendly manner.