Assessing the Protective Effects of PC-1 Formulation on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer Model in Wistar Rats: A Comprehensive Study

The PC-1 formulation, renowned for its diverse biological properties, has yet to be thoroughly examined for its effects on stomach ulceration. Acute toxicity assessment of a lower dose (1000 mg/kg) of PC-1 formulation did not exhibit any observable signs of toxicity, suggesting its potential as protective mediator in contrast to stomach epithelial mutilation. The omeprazole group received 30 mg/kg omeprazole orally. The investigational groups were orally gavage with PC-1 extract formulation at dosage 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg, and 200mg/kg in (1%) CMC. Subsequently, after an hour, the normal group received normal water via gavage, while groups 2–6 were administered absolute ethanol via gavage. Treatment with PC-1 extract formulation significantly mitigated ethanol-induced gastric injuries, as demonstrated through improved gastric mucus secretion, pH levels, reduced ulceration size, and decreased infiltration of leukocytes in submucosal layer. Analysis of stomach epithelial homogenate revealed a significant upsurge in the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione, along with a notable decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels upon treatment with PC-1 formulation. The observed gastroprotective effects of PC-1 formulation could be attributed to its capacity to improve pH and mucus secretion, elevate SOD, GSH, and CAT levels, while reducing MDA levels.