Review of Wavenumber-Frequency Spectrum Models of Turbulent Boundary-Layer Wall Pressure Fluctuations

Turbulent boundary layer wall pressure fluctuations are of significant concern in acoustic engineering for both high-speed airborne and underwater vehicles, and the modeling of the associated wavenumber-frequency spectra has been extensively studied. In this paper, a review of 12 models developed between 1964 and 2017 has been conducted, and both the 2D and 1D forms investigated. In this work, fundamental concepts are introduced, followed by a classification of the models into two categories, that is, Corcos-type and non-Corcos-type models. Both the 2D and 1D forms of the 12 models are individually introduced in chronological order. To evaluate these models, comparisons of the 2D and 1D wavenumber-frequency spectra at different speeds and frequencies were conducted. Unlike Corcos-type models, non-Corcos-type models are grounded in a stronger theoretical foundation, with some models accurately reflecting acoustic region characteristics. Corcos-type models exhibit good consistency, however, they require an auto-spectrum as a necessary input, which makes them semiempirical models. In addition, the models within the Corcos-type and the non-Corcos-type were also compared, respectively, and a few important conclusions were accordingly made. The research output from this paper can provide an important practical engineering reference for studies associated with acoustic engineering, such as aircraft cabin noise and submarine hydrodynamic noise.