Extending the horizon in cardiovascular risk prediction: A synergy of conventional predictors and spirometry data

Aim. To assess a correlation between conventional cardiovascular risk factors and unprovoked pulmonary volumes and flows. Material and methods. The subjects ( n = 153, median age 43 [32; 51] years) were divided into two groups depending on age. Questionnaires, anthropometry, biochemical blood analysis, spirometry without bronchodilation test, calculation of the lower limit of normal (LLN – low limit of normal) were carried out. Using the Mann – Whitney U -test, the two groups were compared quantitatively. When analyzing four-field conjugacy tables, a comparison was performed using the Pearson criterion χ2. The direction and closeness of the correlation were estimated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. A predictive model was developed using the linear regression method. The differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results. In group I (median age 29 [26; 33] years), reliable connections were established between the volume of forced expiratory volume in one second and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP); modified Tiffno index (m-TI) and total cholesterol, lowdensity lipoproteins, glucose. When analyzing the LLN data, reliable associations between m-IT and glucose ( p = 0.004), hsCRP ( p = 0.011) were obtained. In persons over 40 years of age with a smoking index of more than 10 packs/year, a relationship was found between a decrease in LLN m-TI and LLN of forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of forced vital capacity and an increase in creatinine ( p < 0.001) and lipoprotein (a) ( p = 0.03), respectively. Conclusion. There are differences in the relationship between the function of external respiration and laboratory indicators of cardiovascular risk in people before and after 40 years of age, which makes it possible to individualize the prediction of chronic non-communicable diseases.