Probe-based raman spectroscopy in the presence of visible light for brain tumour analysis

<h3>Introduction</h3> Raman spectroscopy, a non-invasive technique utilizing the inelastic scattering of light, offers considerable promise in neuro-oncology for the diagnosis, surgical navigation, and monitoring of brain tumours. It yields a molecular ‘fingerprint’ that facilitates the identification of biomarkers and the assessment of tumour malignancy. However, its extreme sensitivity to light poses challenges for intraoperative use, where darkness is required, thus elevating patient risk. <h3>Methods</h3> Somatic mouse models from Glioblastoma patients were subject to Raman spectroscopy with various staining methods, using a laser power of 31.5 milliamps and an integration time of 1000ms, in complete darkness and bright light (5000 lux). The tumour response was gauged by the relative intensity of Raman signals, with statistical significance determined via Chi-squared analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Analysis under dark conditions confirmed the hypothesis, showing a higher tumour response (ratio of 21:4) compared to non-tumour tissue. In light, the response deviated significantly except for Raman shifts greater that 1500cm-1 particularly Amide I, which remained robust. Statistical analysis confirmed the significance in non-dyed tissue (p=0.003) but not in dyed samples. <h3>Discussion</h3> Raman spectroscopy’s precision in distinguishing malignant from healthy tissue is crucial for surgical success. Despite its benefits, limitations include shallow penetration depth and complex data interpretation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> While Raman spectroscopy marks a leap forward in managing brain tumours, realizing its full clinical potential necessitates overcoming its current constraints and enhancing its integration into healthcare practices.