High-density gas target at the LHCb experiment
The recently installed internal gas target at LHCb presents exceptional opportunities for an extensive physics program for heavy-ion, hadron, spin, and astroparticle physics. A storage cell placed in the LHC primary vacuum, an advanced Gas Feed System, the availability of multi-TeV proton and ion beams, and the recent upgrade of the LHCb detector make this project unique worldwide. In this paper, we outline the main components of the system, the physics prospects it offers, and the hardware challenges encountered during its implementation. The commissioning phase has yielded promising results, demonstrating that fixed-target collisions can occur concurrently with the collider mode without compromising efficient data acquisition and high-quality reconstruction of beam-gas and beam-beam interactions. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Authors
- V. Carassiti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5471-5533)
- Alfonso Piccoli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3313-7413)
- Giuseppe Bregliozzi
- Didier Calegari
- W. Vollenberg
- P. Collins (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1437-4022)
- P. Lenisa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3509-1240)
- O. Boente García (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0261-8085)
- K. R. Mattioli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2222-7727)
- M. Milovanović (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1580-0898)
- Benoît Salvant (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1281-5509)
- S. Squerzanti
- S. Mariani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7298-3101)
- G. Tagliente (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1665-4191)
- Josef Sestak
- P. Costa Pinto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2759-1813)
- F. Fleuret (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2430-782X)
- E. Maurice (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7366-4364)
- Christine Völlinger
- M. Ferro-Luzzi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1868-2165)
- V. Coco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-6808)
- G. Ciullo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8297-2206)
- David Mate Parragh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4963-4381)
- P. Di Nezza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4894-6762)
- S. Kotriakhova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1495-0053)
- Camilla de Angelis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5033-5866)
- C. Lucarelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8196-1828)
- P. Sainvitu
- L. L. Pappalardo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0876-3163)
- M. Santimaria (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8776-6759)
- Q. Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6598-1941)
- R. Dumps
- G. Graziani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8212-846X)
- F. Sanders
- E. Steffens (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4029-3154)
Institutions
- University of Cagliari (IT)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- University of Ferrara (IT)
- National Institute for Subatomic Physics (NL)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara (IT)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari (IT)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Cagliari (IT)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze (IT)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (IT)
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (FR)
- University of Florence (IT)
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CH)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Physical Review Accelerators and Beams
- Published
- 2024-11-08
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.27.111001
- Citations
- 9
- Primary Topic
- Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 5.94
Funders
- CERN
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules