Combination of Charging Policies for Fair and Efficient EV Charging under Limited Capacity

Rule-based charging control based on simple charging policies is a practical approach for distributing a limited amount of energy or power to electric vehicles of multiple users. Depending on the behavior and characteristics of the users, different efficiencies in terms of overall user satisfaction might be achieved with different charging policies. Analogously, users might be treated differently fairly by different policies in the sense that certain policies might result in a much higher dissatisfaction of some users compared to other users. In the present paper, we compare different charging policies with respect to efficiency and fairness and propose a combination of multiple policies in order to achieve a higher efficiency and fairness compared to the single policies. For the parameterization of the combined policy, a multi-objective evolutionary optimization on historical data is proposed. An evaluation in simulation experiments shows that the proposed approach outperforms single charging policies, especially in terms of fairness.