Population of giant planets around B stars from the first part of the BEAST survey

Context. Exoplanets form from circumstellar protoplanetary disks whose fundamental properties (notably their extent, composition, mass, temperature, and lifetime) depend on the host star properties, such as their mass and luminosity. B stars are among the most massive stars and their protoplanetary disks test extreme conditions for exoplanet formation. Aims. This paper investigates the frequency of giant planet companions around young B stars (median age of 16 Myr) in the Scorpius-Centaurus (Sco-Cen) association, the closest association containing a large population of B stars. Methods. We systematically searched for massive exoplanets with the high-contrast direct imaging instrument SPHERE using the data from the BEAST survey, which targets a homogeneous sample of young B stars from the wide Sco-Cen association. We derived accurate detection limits in the case of non-detections. Results. We found evidence in previous papers for two substellar companions around 42 stars. The masses of these companions are straddling the ~13 Jupiter mass deuterium burning limit, but their mass ratio with respect to their host star is close to that of Jupiter. We derived a frequency of such massive planetary-mass companions around B stars of 11 −5 +7 %, accounting for the survey sensitivity. Conclusions. The discoveries of substellar companions b Centaurib and μ 2 Sco B happened after only a few stars in the survey had been observed, raising the possibility that massive Jovian planets might be common around B stars. However, our statistical analysis shows that the occurrence rate of such planets is similar around B stars and around solar-type stars of a similar age, while B-star companions exhibit low mass ratios and a larger semi-major axis.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published
2024-11-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451461
Citations
6
Primary Topic
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.99

Funders

Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Population of giant planets around B stars from the first part of the BEAST survey

R. Helled, Lucio Mayer, B. Biller, Gabriel-Dominique Marleau et al.
6 citations
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
1.99
article

Population of giant planets around B stars from the first part of the BEAST survey

R. Helled, Lucio Mayer, B. Biller, Gabriel-Dominique Marleau, A. Chomez, M. Janson, C. Mordasini, D. Mesa, M. Langlois, Matthew D. Kenworthy, S. Reffert, Michael R. Meyer, Gayathri Viswanath, C. Fontanive, Simon C. Ringqvist, M. Samland, V. Squicciarini, G. Chauvin, A.-M. Lagrange, F. Kiefer, O. Schib, A. Vigan, R. Gratton, Th. Henning, P. Delorme, Olivier Flasseur
article en
6 citations

Abstract

Context. Exoplanets form from circumstellar protoplanetary disks whose fundamental properties (notably their extent, composition, mass, temperature, and lifetime) depend on the host star properties, such as their mass and luminosity. B stars are among the most massive stars and their protoplanetary disks test extreme conditions for exoplanet formation. Aims. This paper investigates the frequency of giant planet companions around young B stars (median age of 16 Myr) in the Scorpius-Centaurus (Sco-Cen) association, the closest association containing a large population of B stars. Methods. We systematically searched for massive exoplanets with the high-contrast direct imaging instrument SPHERE using the data from the BEAST survey, which targets a homogeneous sample of young B stars from the wide Sco-Cen association. We derived accurate detection limits in the case of non-detections. Results. We found evidence in previous papers for two substellar companions around 42 stars. The masses of these companions are straddling the ~13 Jupiter mass deuterium burning limit, but their mass ratio with respect to their host star is close to that of Jupiter. We derived a frequency of such massive planetary-mass companions around B stars of 11 −5 +7 %, accounting for the survey sensitivity. Conclusions. The discoveries of substellar companions b Centaurib and μ 2 Sco B happened after only a few stars in the survey had been observed, raising the possibility that massive Jovian planets might be common around B stars. However, our statistical analysis shows that the occurrence rate of such planets is similar around B stars and around solar-type stars of a similar age, while B-star companions exhibit low mass ratios and a larger semi-major axis.

Astronomy and AstrophysicsVol. 692
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (FR), École Normale Supérieure de Lyon (FR), University of Bern (CH), Leiden University (NL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), Stockholm University (SE), ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences (CH), University of Zurich (CH), Université Paris Cité (FR), Aix-Marseille Université (FR), Heidelberg University (DE), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (FR), University of Michigan (US), Observatoire de Paris (FR), Sorbonne Université (FR), Janssen (France) (FR), Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (FR), Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille (FR), Royal Observatory (GB), Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (DE), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (FR), Lagrange Laboratory (FR), Château Gombert (FR), Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique (FR), Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (GB), Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur (FR), AlbaNova (SE), Montreal Clinical Research Institute (CA), Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (IT), Leiden Observatory, University of Duisburg-Essen (DE), University of Tübingen (DE), Université Grenoble Alpes (FR), University of Edinburgh (GB)
National Science Foundation, European Commission, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Observatoire de Paris, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres, Office National d'études et de Recherches Aérospatiales
Openalex Percentile: Top 14%
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
1.99
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.