Towards a complete census of luminous Compton-thick active galactic nuclei in the Local Universe

X-ray surveys provide the most efficient means for the detection of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). However, they do face difficulties in detecting the most heavily obscured Compton-thick AGNs. The BAT detector on board the Gehrels/Swift mission, operating in the very hard 14–195 keV band, has provided the largest samples of Compton-thick AGN in the Local Universe. However, even these flux-limited samples may miss the most obscured sources among the Compton-thick AGN population. A robust way to find these local sources is to systematically study volume-limited AGN samples detected in the IR or the optical part of the spectrum. Here, we utilise a local sample (< 100 Mpc) of mid-IR-selected AGNs, unbiased against obscuration, to determine the fraction of Compton-thick sources in the Local Universe. When available, we acquired X-ray spectral information for the sources in our sample from previously published studies. In addition, to maximise the X-ray spectral information for the sources in our sample, we analysed eleven unexplored XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations, for the first time. In this way, we identified four new Compton-thick sources. Our results reveal an increased fraction of Compton-thick AGNs among the sources that have not been detected by BAT of 44%. Overall, we have estimated a 25–30% share of Compton-thick sources in the Local Universe among mid-IR-selected AGNs. We find no evidence for any evolution of the AGN Compton-thick fraction with luminosity.

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Publication Details

Journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published
2024-11-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451906
Citations
5
Primary Topic
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
3.30

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article

Towards a complete census of luminous Compton-thick active galactic nuclei in the Local Universe

A. Akylas, Peter Boorman, Claire Greenwell, I. Georgantopoulos et al.
5 citations
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
3.30
article

Towards a complete census of luminous Compton-thick active galactic nuclei in the Local Universe

A. Akylas, Peter Boorman, Claire Greenwell, I. Georgantopoulos, P. Gandhi
article en
5 citations

Abstract

X-ray surveys provide the most efficient means for the detection of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). However, they do face difficulties in detecting the most heavily obscured Compton-thick AGNs. The BAT detector on board the Gehrels/Swift mission, operating in the very hard 14–195 keV band, has provided the largest samples of Compton-thick AGN in the Local Universe. However, even these flux-limited samples may miss the most obscured sources among the Compton-thick AGN population. A robust way to find these local sources is to systematically study volume-limited AGN samples detected in the IR or the optical part of the spectrum. Here, we utilise a local sample (< 100 Mpc) of mid-IR-selected AGNs, unbiased against obscuration, to determine the fraction of Compton-thick sources in the Local Universe. When available, we acquired X-ray spectral information for the sources in our sample from previously published studies. In addition, to maximise the X-ray spectral information for the sources in our sample, we analysed eleven unexplored XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations, for the first time. In this way, we identified four new Compton-thick sources. Our results reveal an increased fraction of Compton-thick AGNs among the sources that have not been detected by BAT of 44%. Overall, we have estimated a 25–30% share of Compton-thick sources in the Local Universe among mid-IR-selected AGNs. We find no evidence for any evolution of the AGN Compton-thick fraction with luminosity.

Astronomy and AstrophysicsVol. 692
California Institute of Technology (US), Durham University (GB), National Observatory of Athens (GR), University of Southampton (GB)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, California Institute of Technology, University of Leicester, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrophysics Science Division
Openalex Percentile: Top 6%
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
3.30
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