Analyzing the influence of eggshell powder (ESP) as partial replacement with cement in concrete

Urbanization and growth in infrastructure development have increased the demand for different construction materials. Cement is a significant material of construction and the backbone of infrastructure development. However, cement manufacturing plants are the source of a few harmful compounds like carbon dioxide (CO2) and are one of the largest contributors to environmental emissions. Eggshell (ES) is a bio-waste material commonly generated from residential areas and restaurants. Typically, this waste is discarded in landfills, posing health risks and contributing to environmental pollution. However, eggshell waste contains valuable organic and inorganic materials that can be composted with other substances to improve their properties. The rising demand has driven the search for alternative raw materials derived from abundant waste products that are both efficient and cost-effective. To mitigate the impact of harmful compounds and protect the environment, eggshell powder is used as a partial replacement for cement. This study examines the effects on concrete properties when cement is replaced with 5%, 7.5%, and 10% eggshell powder. The properties were experimentally assessed based on compressive strength and split tensile strength. These strengths are measured at 7, 14, and 28 days and compared with conventional concrete. The results indicate that 7.5% eggshell powder is the optimal percentage for partial cement replacement. Additionally, the findings of water absorption depicted the decrement at 5% and 7.5% eggshell powder (ESP) replacement but increment at 10% of ESP after 72 hours. In conclusion, eggshell powder could be utilised in future construction materials to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and promote sustainability.