AI National Security: Strategic Priorities of Türkiye and the UAE

Although there is widespread convergence about the importance of artificial intelligence (AI), there is less specificity regarding which aspects of the technology states prioritize. AI is a general-purpose technology with a wide range of possible applications. Given limited resources, states must strategically decide which aspects of AI to invest in and dedicate their resources to. Using Türkiye and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as case studies, we argue that states pay attention to both the long-term and short-term implications of AI. First, they understand the revolutionary potential of AI and are investing in developing general capabilities. They view keeping up with this technology as vital for maintaining their countries’ economic and strategic competitiveness. This is a long-term view of AI that recognizes that there is still considerable progress to be made before it reaches its full potential. Second, even before AI reaches its full potential, it already delivers considerable strategic results from training and logistics to autonomous systems and cybersecurity. States invest in those demonstrated capabilities of AI to address their existing strategic needs. This perspective on AI applies to today’s capabilities, not an abstract future concept. By committing resources to cultivate a skilled AI workforce and to keep in touch with research and development efforts in the area both Türkiye and the UAE prepare for long-term implications. As for the short-term priorities, Türkiye has used AI to enhance its counterterrorism efforts. Meanwhile, the UAE has leveraged AI to address its manpower limitations.