Learning programming from the perspective of cognitive load theory

The article discusses the applications of Cognitive Load Theory in the design of tasks and educational materials for programming. It describes Cognitive Load Theory as a theory of instructional design, grounded in cognitive psychology, specifically the Atkinson—Shiffrin three-component model and Baddeley's working memory model. The article also defines cognitive load and its categories, as well as other important concepts. Key cognitive effects described by Cognitive Load Theory, such as the split-attention effect, modality effect, collective working memory effect, and worked-example effect, are examined. Practical examples of their application in the design of educational materials for programming are provided, demonstrating how they help reduce cognitive load through the use of visualization, commenting, and pair programming. Special attention is given to Parson's problems, which help reduce extraneous cognitive load and focus the student's attention on the key instructional aspects of the task.