Nanostructure properties and potential biomedical applications of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn extracts

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (NNG), commonly known as the sacred lotus, holds immense potential in biomedical applications due to its rich bioactive compounds. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful tool for exploring the nano-structural properties of natural extracts and harnessing their biomedical benefits. This review delves into the nano-structural properties of NNG extracts and their potential applications in biomedicine. We discuss various extraction techniques and characterisation methods like SEM, TEM, DLS, XRD, AFM, NMR, and SARS employed to elucidate the nanostructures present in NNG extracts. Furthermore, we explore the biomedical applications of these nanostructures, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, imaging, and biosensing. Through a comprehensive examination of current research findings, this review highlights the promising role of NNG extracts in nanomedicine and underscores the need for further investigation to unlock their full therapeutic potential.