Dietary Factors and Cardiovascular Diseases: Comprehensive Insights from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2020 and Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Both the observational and Mendelian randomization studies indicated that dietary fat is inversely associated with heart failure risk and that protein intake is correlated with reduced stroke risk. Future studies should investigate the optimal balance of macronutrients for CVD prevention, explore potential mechanisms underlying these associations, and consider long-term dietary interventions to validate these findings.