A noninvasive blood glucose detection method with strong time adaptability based on fuzzy operator decision fusion and dynamic spectroscopy characteristics of PPG signals

PPG signals are a new means of non-invasive detection of blood glucose, but there are still shortcomings of poor time adaptability and low prediction accuracy of blood glucose quantitative models. Few studies discuss prediction accuracy in the case of a large time interval span between modeling and prediction. This paper proposes an automatic optimal threshold baseline removal algorithm based on variational mode decomposition (AOT-VMD), which can adaptively eliminate high-frequency noise and baseline interference for each decomposed IMF modal component and reduce the baseline difference of PPG signals from different days. Furthermore, a fuzzy integral multi-model decision fusion algorithm based on error weight is proposed. The fuzzy integral operator is introduced to make the features with large contributions in each sub-model maintain a high-weight value in the overall prediction mechanism, which improves the prediction accuracy of blood glucose. In this paper, a self-developed portable PPG glucose meter is used to collect PPG signals, and the true blood glucose values for 8 consecutive days are collected by CGM. The proposed algorithm is used to build a model with the first day's data and predict the blood glucose values for the remaining 7 days. The experimental results show that the AOT-VMD preprocessing algorithm and the quantitative regression algorithm of the fuzzy integral multiple model decision fusion algorithm proposed in this paper perform well in measurement accuracy and time adaptability compared with the traditional methods. In addition, the proposed method requires less invasive calibration samples in the modeling stage, achieving high-precision prediction for a long period. 100% of the samples are located in areas <i>A</i> and <i>B</i> of the Clarke area in this experiment, and the algorithm has strong time generalization ability. This innovative method can promote the development of a home blood glucose noninvasive detector.