The competition among supply chains regarding environmental, social, and resilience aspects in a supply chain network design problem

Purpose Nowadays, the topic of supply chain network design has gained significant attention as a critical area within the field of supply chain management. Researchers have dedicated their studies to exploring market competitiveness and pursuing greater benefits. This paper presents a multi-objective mathematical model aimed at designing a competitive and sustainable closed-loop supply chain network specifically for perishable products. The proposed model takes into account the competition between two supply chains, considering various factors such as environmental impacts, social performance and resilience. Design/methodology/approach To address the competitive nature of this model, this study introduces a two-stage approach. In the initial stage, this study uses a game theory approach to determine equilibrium values for competitive decisions. This allows establishing a fair and balanced playing field between the two supply chains. Subsequently, due to the complexity of the proposed model, this study uses a multi-objective metaheuristic algorithm based on the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm. This algorithm serves as a robust computational tool to effectively solve the network design problem and optimize the desired objectives. Findings To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model and solution approach, this study provides a numerical example. Through graphical and statistical analysis, this study assesses the performance of the model and its ability to achieve the desired objectives. The results and charts obtained demonstrate the strong performance and efficacy of the proposed model in effectively addressing the challenges associated with designing a competitive and sustainable closed-loop supply chain network for perishable products. Research limitations/implications By considering the various factors at play and incorporating them into the model, this study aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge in supply chain management. The findings provide valuable insights into designing supply chain networks that not only enhance competitiveness but also promote sustainability. Originality/value This study represents one of the initial investigations into the evaluation of competitive supply chains, taking into account crucial factors such as environmental, social and resilience. A supply chain that considers these factors can attain greater durability and competitiveness compared to other supply chains.