The critical analysis of air pollution and soil pollution with microplastics and heavy metal in Rwanda, Roumania and China

Air and soil pollution is a global concern due to the substantial environmental and health hazards they bring. This critical analysis conducted a comparative analysis of the main pollution sources, pollution levels, and pollution impacts in Rwanda, Romania, and China through an extensive review of existing literature. The results indicate that the presence of particulate and gaseous pollutants, microplastic particles (Mps), and heavy metals in the air and soil poses significant global health and environmental risks. Despite various governmental efforts, managing these pollutants remains challenging. Rwanda struggles with biomass-related air pollution, Romania with heavy metal contamination from past industries, and China with severe soil pollution exacerbated by population growth. The study emphasizes the need for stronger regulations, public awareness, research investment, and international collaboration to address these challenges effectively.