The Practice of Qualifying Environmental Crimes at Critical Infrastructure Facilities in the Criminal Justice of EU Countries

Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine how environmental crimes are classified within the EU criminal justice system, in response to the growing environmental degradation and to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Theoretical Framework: The study is based on green criminology, examining the underlying systemic factors that contribute to legal deviance and evaluating environmental damage as a form of crime. Method: A multifaceted methodological approach was utilized, incorporating legal analysis, comparative studies, expert interviews, and quantitative data evaluation. Results and Discussion: The results indicate that Germany and the Netherlands possess strong legislative standards and efficient oversight systems, whereas nations such as Greece and Portugal encounter difficulties in regulation. The most common environmental offenses are illegal waste disposal (35%) and air pollution (26%). It is suggested that legal reforms be implemented to align practices across the EU. Research Implications: The research highlights the need for legal reforms and better alignment between national and EU regulations to increase the consistency and effectiveness of identifying environmental crimes. Originality/Values: This study adds to the ongoing discussion about the successful application of the EU Environmental Crime Directive, emphasizing the differences in how member states approach it. This research aligns with the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), focusing on environmental sustainability and legal compliance.