The Multi-Domain Approach to Military Operations and its Challenges to Intelligence and Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance

This paper discusses the multi-domain approach to military operations. Through comparative research and literature review, authors analyze how Western and peer adversary countries, namely the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China, perceive and implement multi-domain operations. The article also identifies the challenges presented by the multi-domain character of the contemporary and future operating environment to intelligence and ISR. It highlights the crucial role of timely intelligence and surveillance in the diverse and contested operating environment, emphasizing the need for new technologies like artificial intelligence and big data processing.