The Triple Burden of Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia, and Aging in Geriatrics (review)

The interaction between bone and muscle tissues extends beyond simple mechanical relations. Bone tissue performs an endocrine function and generates active metabolites and hormones that influence skeletal muscle, insulin sensitivity, adipose tissue, and metabolism in general. With aging, the risk of osteopenia, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia increases. The relationship between osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and aging in humans is of interest, as well as therapeutic and preventative measures aimed at avoiding these pathological conditions.