Structure and Functions of Elements of Innovation Infrastructure of Dual-use Scientific and Industrial Cluster

The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological apparatus for the formation of dual-use scientific and industrial clusters—a form recognized at the highest level of management of the military-industrial complex to help diversify defense enterprises and organizations. Based on the results of the work, the following main conclusions were obtained. The few dual-use scientific and industrial clusters created in recent years are still not much different from the well-known vary-ants of the organization of industrial and innovative clusters and it is not entirely clear how they will fulfill their main purpose—to facilitate the transfer of defense technologies to the civilian sector. First of all, this concerns the issues of removing the regime of secrecy from military technologies that can be used to produce civilian products. Experts call this problem the main obstacle to the transfer of such technologies. At the same time, starting in 2022, the list of dual-use goods and technologies that can be used in the creation of weapons and military equipment and for which export control is carried out is approved and updated. This list contains unambiguous exceptions allowing the use of dual-use goods and technologies for civilian purposes. The second problem—the choice of an anchor company for the cluster—is being addressed ambiguously today. The article shows that the most forest-like solution is the formation of a cluster around a reputable scientific and industrial company in the field of cluster specialization. Given the competitive nature of the activities of defense organizations in the civilian market, it is also necessary to provide options for organizing relations between its developers and manufacturers. The article describes organizational solutions of this plan, involving the creation of consortia, joint ventures, as well as the release of products within the framework of contract production and franchise.