Self-assembled latanoprost loaded soluplus nanomicelles as an ophthalmic drug delivery system for the management of glaucoma

Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), is managed with medications like latanoprost (LAT), a prostaglandin analogue, to enhance aqueous outflow. Despite the challenge posed by eye anatomy and tear dynamics, effective ocular bioavailability via topical administration remains elusive. This study aims to optimize self-assembled nanomicelles incorporating LAT, an anti-glaucoma drug, belonging to BCS Class II (low solubility and high permeability) via a two-level, two-factor full factorial design, the nanomicelles were formulated via direct dissolution method and validated using design of expert. The optimized nanomicelles exhibited a spherical morphology, with a size of 69 nm and encapsulation efficiency of 77.5%, demonstrating a sustained LAT release over 12 h. In normotensive rabbits, the nanomicelles elicited a substantial reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) by up to 40% for a duration of three days, that was significantly longer than the IOP-lowering efficacy of XALATAN eye drops (24 h). These findings indicated that self-assembled nanomicelles hold promise for enhancing the ocular bioavailability and extending the therapeutic duration of LAT, while providing the physical stability.