The Complexity of Military Force Readiness to Respond to Changes in the Electromagnetic Environment

This article examines changes in the electromagnetic environment and their implications for the operational environment and the military forces. The first part defines the context with operating environment and how electromagnetic energy shapes it. It then presents the research results in the form of consolidated text and visualizations using a futures wheel and images illustrating the approaches to military force capabilities proposed by the authors applicable in the future electromagnetic environment. Finally, it discusses the development of military capabilities applicable to future operations and generalized recommendations in response to the challenges for military forces in the electromagnetic environment.