Ambulances: from history to the present

This literature review is devoted to the emergence and development of ambulances. The stage of the emergence and phased modernization of sanitary transport is considered separately. Foreign historical experience is widely represented. The main material of the article concerns the problems of ergonomics and safety of emergency medical vehicles (EMS), while modern recommendations are carefully considered. Close attention is paid to the issues of standardization in the field of designing transport for the transportation of patients. The authors conclude that currently there are a number of requests for changes in ambulances, namely: intensification of the process of providing emergency medical care and the need for it when moving sanitary transport; fixation of the patient and employee during work to ensure safety; requirements for ergonomics of space; free access from the workplace to the zones comfortable conditions of the transportation process for the patient and labor for the medical worker, and others. It is concluded that it is necessary to create a scheme for the innovative interior of a Russian ambulance as an autonomous medical and diagnostic complex, with its inclusion in regulatory documents of the federal level.