Comparison of innovative and classical approaches to the creation of hemostasis in nosebleeds at the prehospital stage

The relevance of the problem of achieving high-quality hemostasis in patients with spontaneous nosebleeds (NC) in emergency medical care (SMP) is beyond doubt. The purpose of the study. To compare the effectiveness of providing emergency medical care to patients over 18 years of age with anterior NC in the conditions of the NSR using a silicone single-chamber intra-nasal tampon with internal point glues and the classic method of tamponade using gauze turunda. Research objectives. To analyze the prevalence and causes of NC development in the structure of SMP calls in patients over 18 years of age in Moscow; to compare the effectiveness of the developed silicone single-chamber intra-nasal tampon with internal point glues and gauze turunda. Materials and methods. An analysis of the structure of calls to patients with NC and an assessment of the effectiveness of stopping NC using an intra-nasal tampon with internal point glues and a gauze turunda were carried out. Results. In the study groups, NC ranged from 66 % to 68 % in patients with hypertension. It was found that in the first group of observations using a single-chamber intra-nasal tampon with internal point glues, the best characteristics of the effectiveness of stopping NC were revealed: hemostasis was achieved in 94 % of cases, which is 28 % higher than the result of nasal tamponade with gauze turunda (66 % of cases); less time spent on anterior nasal tamponade was 3 times before 1.2 ± 0.3 min. and 3.4 ± 0.4 min. accordingly, the time spent on making a call decreased by 9.4 minutes – from 33.1 ± 1.7 minutes to 23.7 ± 1.2 minutes; pain in patients was less pronounced – 0.31 ± 0.01 and 1.45 ± 0.01 points, respectively; the number of repeated calls with recurrent NC (6 % and 22 % of cases, respectively) and repeated anterior nasal tamponade (2 % and 12 % of cases, respectively). Conclusion. The results are of great scientific and practical importance for SMP specialists and allow us to recommend a promising expansion of the range of medical devices used with an innovative approach to creating high-quality hemostasis in NC at the prehospital stage.