Understanding Park Golf Participation Among Older Adults: The Role of Social Support in Health Behavior Through the Lens of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Addressing gaps in the existing research, this study investigates how event image affects attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC); how attitudes, subjective norms, and PBC impact behavioral intention, applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB) framework; and how social support moderates these variables among older participants in park golf. We gathered data from senior park golf tournament participants and utilized confirmatory factor analysis to validate the measurement scale, assessing factor loadings, average variance extracted (AVE), and construct reliability (CR), while our analysis of Cronbach's alpha ensured scale reliability. We also employed structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood estimation to analyze the positive relationships and conducted a moderation analysis using Jamovi software. The results indicate the significant effect of event image on attitudes, subjective norms, and PBC, as well as the significant effect of attitudes, subjective norms, and PBC on behavioral intention. Moreover, social support moderates the relationship between subjective norms and behavioral intention.