Regulation of latency-lytic infection of EBV and the its therapeutic strategy

<p indent="0mm">Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) mainly infects human B cells and epithelial cells. As a herpesvirus, it has two main types of infection: latent infection and lytic infection. Epstein-Barr virus infection is predominantly latent. According to the difference of EBV gene expression profile, latent infection can be divided into type 0, type I, type II and type III. The establishment of lifelong latent infection is a major feature of EBV. During the latent infection stage, EBV maintains a stable number of virus copies in the host cells. Lytic infection means that the virus replicates, packages, matures, cleaves host cells, releases virions, and then infects other cells. This review describes the characteristics of gene expression profile of EBV latent and lytic infection, the function of representative molecules, the regulation mechanism of latent and lytic infection switch, and the targeting strategy and clinical value of reactivating lytic infection.