Optimization of the Production of Secondary Metabolites from Furanocoumarin and Furoquinoline Alkaloid Groups in In Vitro Ruta corsica Cultures Grown in Temporary Immersion Bioreactors

<i>Ruta corsica</i> is a rare and endemic plant native to Corsica. Due to its limited distribution and the priority to preserve natural sites, has been insufficiently studied. In vitro cultures provide an opportunity to research <i>R. corsica</i> under controlled conditions. In the present study, in vitro cultures of <i>R. corsica</i> were conducted in Plantform^TM bioreactors. The study aimed to assess the effects of growth cycle length (5 and 6 weeks) and different concentrations of plant growth regulators (NAA and BAP) at 0.1/0.1, 0.1/0.5, 0.5/0.5, 0.5/1.0, and 1.0/1.0 mg/L on biomass growth and secondary metabolite accumulation. HPLC analysis identified compounds in the furanocoumarin and furoquinoline alkaloid groups, with furanocoumarins being the primary secondary metabolites (maximum total content: 1571.5 mg/100 g DW). Among them, xanthotoxin, psoralen, and bergapten were dominant, with maximum concentrations of 588.1, 426.6, and 325.2 mg/100 g DW, respectively. The maximum total content of furoquinoline alkaloids was 661 mg/100 g DW, with γ-fagarine as the primary metabolite, reaching 448 mg/100 g DW. The optimal conditions for secondary metabolite accumulation in <i>R. corsica</i> cultures were a 5-week growth cycle and the LS 0.1/0.1 medium variant.