Advances in Biorefinery of Cattle Manure for Value-Added Products

A large amount of cattle manure is generated in the US every year, creating challenges for ecosystem sustainability while offering opportunities for value-added products through biorefinery. While methods like land application, composting, and anaerobic digestion are well established for treating cattle manure, advanced biorefinery technologies are needed to enhance the utilization of cattle manure or its digestate. Based on the composition of cattle manure, this review discusses technologies for the biorefinery of cattle manure or its digestate, including the recovery of fiber and protein, and the production of platform chemicals, such as volatile fatty acids, lactic acid, medium-chain carboxylic acids, ethanol, single-cell protein, and lipids. Additionally, this review discusses process integration for simultaneously producing multiple value-added products from cattle manure using various biorefinery technologies. By offering insights into different approaches, this review aims to support the development of integrated biorefinery processes, thereby improving the economic and environmental sustainability of cattle manure management.