Extended One-Way Waveguide States of Large-Area Propagation in Gyromagnetic Photonic Crystals

We propose extended one-way waveguide states of large-area propagation in a photonic crystal waveguide consisting of two honeycomb gyromagnetic photonic crystals with opposite external magnetic fields. When the width of the waveguide is small enough, the edge states along both boundaries of the waveguide couple with each other strongly and thus create the so-called extended one-way waveguide states. Of note, this structure supports both even and odd extended states, which can be excited under different excitation conditions. For the odd mode, electromagnetic waves have opposite phase distributions along the centerline of the waveguide on both sides, while for the even mode, they have in-phase distributions on both sides. In addition, the odd and the even modes both have the large-area propagating property. Moreover, we have carried out a microwave experiment to verify the simulation results. The measured transmission spectrum shows that the structure has strong non-reciprocity, and the measured electric field distributions of the even and odd modes prove that it supports excellent large-area transmission behaviors. These results provide feasible ideas for achieving topological high-throughput transmission.