Exploring Spatial Differentiation in Cultural Urban Land Use in China’s Ancient and Emerging Cities: A Comparative Case Study of Xi’an and Shenzhen

With the rapid urbanization of China in recent years, urban development has entered a new stage that focuses on improving the quality of growth. During this process, the excessive emphasis on economic growth and the neglect of spiritual and cultural aspects have led to various issues, such as cultural homogenization and urban identity crises. This study examined the development patterns behind this phenomenon by focusing on land specifically designated for urban cultural functions. Through the lens of cultural urban land use (CULU), a comparative study was conducted between the ancient city of Xi’an and the emerging city of Shenzhen. The study collected and processed point of interest (POI) and area of interest (AOI) data from both Xi’an and Shenzhen and analyzed the spatial characteristics of CULU using quantitative statistical methods. The analysis revealed multidimensional differentiation between the two cities in terms of value characteristics, historical characteristics, functional characteristics, and social consensus characteristics. Furthermore, the study applied the Spatial Circle Layer model (SCL) to analyze the spatial distribution differences in these characteristics between Xi’an and Shenzhen and identified key factors influencing these characteristics, such as the “formation and spatial distribution of key CULU” and the “historical continuity of urban space”. These findings were synthesized into the “anchoring–layering mechanism”. Our research explores why land designated for urban cultural functions exhibits different patterns in different cities, providing effective theoretical support for the planning and construction of such land in future urban development.