The Effect of Small Increases in Blood Glucose on Insulin Secretion and Endogenous Glucose Production in Humans
Small glycemic increments (≤0.5 mmol/L [≤9 mg/dL]) can suppress endogenous glucose production (EGP), but it is unclear if this depends on insulin. We conducted a low-rate glucose infusion in control participants and people with type 1 diabetes to determine the metabolic impact of minor glucose elevations and their reliance on insulin secretion. Healthy β-cells responded to subtle blood glucose elevations with small, physiologically relevant increases in insulin secretion that suppress EGP and lipolysis without stimulating glucose disposal. Small glycemic increments exerted potent insulin-dependent effects on liver and adipose tissue metabolism and could potentially serve as a β-cell adaptation signal.
Authors
- Glenn M. Ward (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4652-657X)
- Teddy Ang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5061-3719)
- Greg M. Kowalski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1599-017X)
- Giang M. Dao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0341-3356)
- Clinton R. Bruce (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0515-3343)
- Dale Morrison (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3613-4946)
- Jean Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0088-0058)
- David Norman O'Neal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0870-4032)
- Jan Tomš (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-304X)
Institutions
- Deakin University (AU)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne (AU)
- Nutrition Sciences (Belgium) (BE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Diabetes
- Published
- 2024-11-07
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.2337/db24-0388
- Citations
- 4
- Primary Topic
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.29
Funders
- Australian Government