Analysis of user behavior and energy-saving potential of electric water heaters

As global energy resources get more limited and environmental problems worsen, it is crucial to enhance energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption in end-use products. This research focuses on electric water heaters, a significant household energy consumer, and collects a large amount of data through questionnaires and analyzes the current usage patterns of water heater use, as well as the impact of the users’ personal characteristics and energy-saving consciousness on usage behaviors. It also evaluates the energy-saving potential under different scenarios, considering both consumer behaviors and product efficiency levels. Results indicate that a substantial number of users still purchase high-energy-consuming water heaters and fail to adjust temperatures according to their specific needs, resulting in considerable energy waste. Electric water heaters exhibit significant potential for energy savings, with the efficiency of the product and user behaviors identified as key factors influencing overall energy consumption. The study provides important insights into the usage behavior of electric water heaters and offers actionable recommendations for manufacturers and government agencies: advocating the use of certified energy-efficient water heaters, raising public awareness of energy efficiency in appliance use, etc., which is in line with the country’s goals of energy conservation and environmental sustainability.