Advancing equitable value chains for the global hydrogen economy

• Over 40 countries have roadmaps to develop hydrogen production and use • Considering equity is a critical part of analyzing the emerging hydrogen economy • Equity-based analysis can benefit from integrating disciplinary perspectives • Energy systems models need to expand representations of hydrogen • Policymakers should center opportunities for low and middle income countries Hydrogen is a rapidly growing focus for countries seeking to develop green industries, but there are many questions about how the nascent global hydrogen economy will develop, and what this implies for equitable sharing of benefits and burdens between nations. In this perspective we summarize emerging trends in national hydrogen strategies and develop recommendations for researchers and policymakers to center equity in hydrogen development. This will require integrating innovation and development perspectives on international technology transfer, developing more detailed representation of hydrogen trade in systems models, building equity considerations into national and international planning processes, and establishing robust technology transfer efforts. Policymakers will also need to grapple with the difficulties of verifying life cycle emissions of hydrogen if hydrogen trade emerges as a significant trend, potentially requiring new methods of emissions accounting and trade reforms that prioritize international equity.