A Strong Noise Reduction Network for Seismic Records

Noise reduction is a critical step in seismic data processing. A novel strong noise reduction network is proposed in this study. The network enhances the U-Net architecture with an improved inception module and coordinate attention (CA) mechanism, suppressing noise and enhancing signal clarity. These enhancements improve the network’s capability to distinguish between signal and noise in the time–frequency domain. We trained and tested our model on the STEAD dataset, which eliminated noise across various frequency bands, improved the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of seismic records, and reduced the waveform distortion significantly. Comparative analyses against U-Net, DeepDenoiser, and DnRDB models, using signals with SNRs ranging from −14 dB to 0 dB, demonstrated our model’s superior performance. At the same time, we demonstrated that the Inception Conv Block has a significant impact on the denoising ability of the network. Furthermore, validation using the “Di Ting” dataset and real noisy signals confirmed the model’s generalizability. These results show that the proposed model significantly outperforms the comparative methods in terms of the SNR, correlation coefficient (r), and root mean square error (RMSE), delivering higher-quality seismograms. The enhanced phase-picking accuracy underscores the potential of our approach to advance in geophysics applications.