ENTRE O ASSISTENCIALISMO E A POLITECNIA: PANORAMA HISTÓRICO DA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL NO BRASIL REPUBLICANO

The text discusses, in general terms, the historical development of Vocational Education in Brazil, with a focus on public educational policies relating to this type of education and their relationship with the economic and political contexts of the phases that make up the Republican Period, starting in 1889. The main objective was to investigate how Vocational Education was marginalized in educational policies, especially due to the dualistic tradition that separates schooling for the wealthy classes from the basic education designed for the working classes by the rulers. The problem that guided the writing lies in the fact that, historically, Vocational Education in the country has been relegated to a secondary level, being offered as a solution for training the workforce of the less well-off classes, while academic education has traditionally been aimed above all at the elites. The contextualization includes an analysis from the proclamation of the Republic to the beginning of the 21st century, with emphasis on the educational reforms of the Vargas Era (1930-1945), the Military Dictatorship (1964-1985) and the subsequent democratic governments, especially between 2003 and 2016. The methodology used is theoretical-documentary, qualitative and exploratory in nature, and seeks to understand how this educational duality reflects the capitalist-dependent schooling model, limiting the emancipation of the most disadvantaged.