In Vivo Photopolymerization: Achieving Detailed Conducting Patterns for Bioelectronics

Bioelectronics holds great potential as therapeutics, but introducing conductive structures within the body poses great challenges. While implanted rigid and substrate-bound electrodes often result in inflammation and scarring in vivo, they outperform the in situ-formed, more biocompatible electrodes by providing superior control over electrode geometry. For example, one of the most researched methodologies, the formation of conductive polymers through enzymatic catalysis in vivo, is governed by diffusion control due to the slow kinetics, with curing times that span several hours to days. Herein, the discovery of the formation of biocompatible conductive structures through photopolymerization in vivo, enabling spatial control of electrode patterns is reported. The process involves photopolymerizing novel photoactive monomers, 3Es (EDOT-trimers) alone and in a mixture to cure the poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)butoxy-1-sulfonate (PEDOT-S) derivative A5, resulting in conductive structures defined by photolithography masks. These reactions are adapted to in vivo conditions using green and red lights, with short curing times of 5-30 min. In contrast to the basic electrode structures formed through other in situ methods, the formation of specific and layered patterns is shown. This opens up the creation of more complex 3D layers-on-layer circuits in vivo.

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Publication Details

Journal
Advanced Science
Published
2024-11-07
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202408628
Citations
5
Primary Topic
Photopolymerization techniques and applications
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.25

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article

In Vivo Photopolymerization: Achieving Detailed Conducting Patterns for Bioelectronics

Muhammad Anwar Shameem, Peter Ekström, Daniel T. Simon, Roger Olsson et al.
5 citations
Advanced Science
Photopolymerization techniques and applications
1.25
article

In Vivo Photopolymerization: Achieving Detailed Conducting Patterns for Bioelectronics

Muhammad Anwar Shameem, Peter Ekström, Daniel T. Simon, Roger Olsson, Marios Savvakis, György Marko‐Varga, Sebastian Bormann, Lazaro Hiram Betancourt, Jennifer Y. Gerasimov, Fredrik Ek, Abdelrazek H. Mousa, Tobias Abrahamsson, Karin Hellman, Amit Singh Yadav, Xenofon Strakosas, Martin Hjort, Magnus Berggren
article en
5 citations

Abstract

Bioelectronics holds great potential as therapeutics, but introducing conductive structures within the body poses great challenges. While implanted rigid and substrate-bound electrodes often result in inflammation and scarring in vivo, they outperform the in situ-formed, more biocompatible electrodes by providing superior control over electrode geometry. For example, one of the most researched methodologies, the formation of conductive polymers through enzymatic catalysis in vivo, is governed by diffusion control due to the slow kinetics, with curing times that span several hours to days. Herein, the discovery of the formation of biocompatible conductive structures through photopolymerization in vivo, enabling spatial control of electrode patterns is reported. The process involves photopolymerizing novel photoactive monomers, 3Es (EDOT-trimers) alone and in a mixture to cure the poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)butoxy-1-sulfonate (PEDOT-S) derivative A5, resulting in conductive structures defined by photolithography masks. These reactions are adapted to in vivo conditions using green and red lights, with short curing times of 5-30 min. In contrast to the basic electrode structures formed through other in situ methods, the formation of specific and layered patterns is shown. This opens up the creation of more complex 3D layers-on-layer circuits in vivo.

Advanced ScienceVol. 11(48)
Linköping University (SE), Lund University (SE), Wallenberg Wood Science Center (SE), University of Gothenburg (SE)
Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning, Crafoordska Stiftelsen, Lunds Universitet, Novo Nordisk, Vetenskapsrådet, European Research Council
Openalex Percentile: Top 22%
Photopolymerization techniques and applications
1.25
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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