Types of Mathematical Models for Use in Digital Twins of Technical Systems

The article proposes using the method of energy processes mathematical prototyping (MPEP) to create digital twins of technical systems. It considers the levels of complexity for digital twins and corresponding levels of complexity for mathematical models, ranging from a complete system of nonlinear differential equations that takes into account known physical and chemical processes in an object to an adapted simplified mathematical model suitable for use in onboard equipment. In this case, the simplified model is presented as an analytical function – the solution to a system of equations obtained using MPEP. The simplified model incorporates the main benefits of MPEP, such as accuracy in terms of consistency with conservation laws and thermodynamic principles.