Sequential Black Start Restoration in Active Distribution Network and Microgrids Using the PowerModelsDistribution Package

Black start restoration (BSR) in power distribution networks presents several challenges due to the complexity of restoring power after a widespread blackout, including the coordination of multiple distributed energy resources (DERs), efficient restoration of all loads, and maintenance of stability. This paper addresses these issues by implementing a BSR methodology using the PowerModelsDistribution (PMD) and PowerModelsONM (ONM) packages. The implementation leverages PMD and ONM to model and optimize the restoration process by incorporating key components like such as distributed generators (DGs), loads, and switches. The packages provide a flexible and extensible framework for optimization in power distribution systems. The sequential BSR model ensures a systematic approach to restoring power, maximizing the total restored energy while adhering to operational constraints. The results from implementing the BSR process on modified IEEE 13-node test feeders show significant restoration in sequences and load recovery. This study aims to validate the BSR methodology within the PMD and ONM packages in optimizing the restoration process.