Traffic Micro-Simulation of Different Classes of EVs and Impact on Urban Distribution Grid

The surge in electric vehicles (EVs) adoption is not only transforming urban mobility but also imposing significant rising in demands on electrical infrastructure because of an increased power consumption due to EV charging. This escalation is particularly pronounced with diverse EV classes operating on residential roads and their interaction with the power distribution networks. As urban areas become more congested and EV penetration increases, understanding the dynamic impact of EV charging on power stability and grid operations becomes crucial. This paper presents an innovative simulation framework that dynamically models traffic flows of Class 1–6 vehicles and analyzes their charging patterns and interactions with the power grid over a typical day. Employing the IEEE 33-bus system, this paper provides simulation and assessment of voltage and phase angle fluctuations resulting from varying levels of EV load penetration at different bus allocations. This paper further involves creating a micro-simulation traffic flow of EV charging traffic mixed with conventional vehicles through an urban area and injecting the EV 24-hour load profile into the 33-bus distribution system. This comprehensive analysis of EV impacts offers insights into critical urban transportation-grid planning and development.