Blockchain-Based EV Constant Function Pricer and Oraclized State of Charge Estimator

The increasing adoption of Electric Vehicle (EV) systems necessitates the development of an Energy Market structure that facilitates peer-to-peer energy sharing among multiple EVs and entities while ensuring a self-regulating pricing mechanism. Real-time State of Charge (SoC) estimation is critical to meeting the dynamic energy demands of EV systems. In this study, we propose a blockchain-based automated market maker (AMM) that utilizes constant function products to establish an effective self-regulating pricing system for EV energy market prices. Our unique State of Charge estimation system leverages blockchain-based oracles to efficiently handle requests and monitor EV-oriented energy markets. This enables precise monitoring of battery states and achieves improved SoC values through the interior point method. Experimentation on a blockchain network reveals cost-effective energy regulation within EV systems and enhanced SoC estimation predictability within Energy Markets. All contracts undergo rigorous testing and are deployed at a gas cost of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.1913742~x 10^{7}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Wei. Our approach demonstrates high efficiency, for all designed protocols, affirming the efficacy of our proposal. By implementing our blockchain-based AMM and State of Charge estimation system, we ensure transparent and self-regulated energy distribution and pricing within EV Markets, fostering the advancement of autonomous EV systems.